| Engineering Conversion Factors |
| Explanation of Dimensional Units |
| All table entries are categorized according to their specific combination of basic dimensions of Length [L], Mass [M] and Time [t]. For example, all units of force have the dimensions [M][L][t]-2. The following better illustrates this convention: |
| |
Force |
= [M][L][t]-2
|
|
| |
|
= (Mass) x (Acceleration) |
|
| |
1 kgf
|
= (1 kg) x (9.80665 m/s2) |
|
| Example Conversion |
| Meters to Yards: (50 m) x (3.28084 ft/m) x (1/3 yd/ft) = 54.68066 yd |
| Significant Digits |
| The convention is to retain the number of digits which correctly infers the known accuracy of the numbers involved. Normally, this means using the same number of significant digits as occur in the original number. For the above example, the answer would therefore be rounded to 55 yards. |
| When the accuracy of the measurement is known, additional digits may become significant. For example, if the measurement of 50 meters is known to be accurate to .01 meters (.0109 yards), then the conversion result may be rounded to 54.58 yards. |
| Multiplier |
| |
to Convert |
to Convert |
|
| |
>>> |
<<< |
|
| Area [L]2
|
| ft2
|
0.0929031 |
10.7639 |
m2
|
| in2
|
645.16 |
0.001550 |
mm2
|
| in2
|
6.451601 |
0.155000 |
cm2
|
| Energy, Work or Heat [M] [L]2 [t]-2
|
| Btu |
1.05435 |
0.948451 |
kJ |
| Btu |
0.251996 |
3.96832 |
kcal |
| Calories (cal) |
4.184* |
0.239006 |
Joules (J) |
| ft-lbf
|
1.355818 |
0.737562 |
J |
| ft-lbf
|
0.138255 |
7.23301 |
kgf-m
|
| hp-hr |
2.6845 |
0.372506 |
MJ |
| KWH |
3.600 |
0.27777 |
MJ |
| m-kgf
|
9.80665* |
0.101972 |
J |
| N-m |
1.0 |
1.0 |
J |
| Flow Rate [L]3 [t]-1
|
| ft3/min |
7.4805 |
0.133681 |
gal/min |
| ft3/min |
0.471934 |
2.118940 |
l/s |
| gal/min |
15.85034 |
0.063090 |
l/s |
| Force or Weight [M] [L] [t]-2
|
| kgf
|
9.80665* |
0.101971 |
Newton (N) |
| lbf
|
4.44822 |
0.224809 |
N |
| lbf
|
0.453592 |
2.204623 |
kgf
|
| Fracture Toughness |
| ksiin |
1.098800 |
0.910084 |
MPam |
| Heat Content |
| Btu/lbm
|
0.555556 |
1.8* |
cal/g |
| Btu/lbm
|
2.324444 |
0.430210 |
J/g |
| Btu/ft3
|
0.037234 |
26.857 |
MJ/m3
|
| Heat Flux |
| Btu/hr-ft2
|
7.5346 E-5 |
13272.1 |
cal/s-cm2
|
| Btu/hr-ft2
|
3.1525 |
0.31721 |
W/m2
|
| cal/s-cm2
|
4.184* |
0.239006 |
W/cm2
|
| Length [L] |
| Foot (ft) |
0.304800 |
3.280840 |
Meter (m) |
| Inch (in) |
25.4000 |
0.039370 |
Millimeter (mm) |
| Mile (mi) |
1.609344 |
0.621371 |
Kilometer (km) |
| Mass Density [M] [L]-3
|
| lbm/in3
|
27.68 |
0.03613 |
g/cm3
|
| lbm/ft3
|
16.0184 |
0.062428 |
kg/m3
|
| Power [M] [L]2 [t]-3
|
| Btu/hr |
0.292875 |
3.41443 |
Watt (W) |
| ft-lbf/s
|
1.355818 |
0.737562 |
W |
| Horsepower (hp) |
745.6999 |
1.341022 E-3 |
W |
| Horsepower |
550.* |
0.001818 |
ft-lbf/s
|
| Pressure (fluid) [M] [L]-1 [t]-2
|
| Atmosphere (atm) |
14.696 |
0.068046 |
lbf/in2
|
| atm |
1.01325 E5* |
9.869233 E-6 |
Pascal (Pa) |
| lbf/ft2
|
47.88026 |
2.088543 E-2 |
Pa |
| lbf/in2
|
27.6807 |
0.036126 |
in. H2O at 39.2°F |
| Stress [M] [L]-1 [t]-2
|
| kgf/cm2
|
9.80665 E4* |
0.101972 E-5 |
MPa |
| ksi |
6.89476 |
0.145038 |
MPa |
| N/mm2
|
1.0 |
1.0 |
MPa |
| Volume [L]3 & Capacity |
| in3
|
16.3871 |
0.061024 |
cm3
|
| ft3
|
0.028317 |
35.3147 |
m3
|
| ft3
|
7.4805 |
0.133681 |
Gallon |
| ft3
|
28.3168 |
0.035315 |
Liter (l) |
| Gallon |
3.785412 |
0.264172 |
Liter |
| Specific Heat |
| Btu/lbm-°F
|
1.0 |
1.0 |
cal/g-°C |
| Temperature* |
| Fahrenheit |
(°F-32)/1.8 |
1.8(°C)+32 |
Celsius |
| Fahrenheit |
°F+459.67 |
R-459.67 |
Rankine |
| Celsius |
°C+273.16 |
K-273.16 |
Kelvin |
| Rankine |
R/1.8 |
1.8(K) |
Kelvin |
| Thermal Conductivity |
| Btu-ft/hr-ft2-°F |
14.8816 |
.067197 |
cal-cm/hr-cm2-°C |
